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Here’s a concise English translation:

**Iraq deposited official documents with the UN containing new maritime maps and coordinates. This move drew formal objections from Kuwait, which considers it a violation of its maritime sovereignty and waters.**

**Iraq’s Position on the Maritime Maps**

**Key points preserved:**
1. Iraq’s action (depositing documents/maps/coordinates with the UN).
2. Kuwait’s reaction (formal objections).
3. Kuwait’s reason (violation of sovereignty/waters).
4. The specific focus on Iraq’s position regarding the maps.

A small fish living among coral reefs has caused a stir in scientific circles after successfully passing the famous mirror test. Known as the “cleaner wrasse” due to its profession of removing parasites from larger fish, this achievement has sparked deep discussions about the nature of self-awareness in marine creatures.

Unexpected Scientific Discovery

In a groundbreaking study, researchers observed that cleaner wrasse fish could recognize their own reflections in a mirror. This ability, previously thought to be limited to highly intelligent mammals and birds, suggests that self-awareness might be more widespread in the animal kingdom than previously believed.

The mirror test, developed by psychologist Gordon Gallup Jr. in 1970, involves placing a mark on an animal’s body in a location that can only be seen with the aid of a mirror. If the animal attempts to touch or investigate the mark while looking in the mirror, it is considered evidence of self-recognition.

The cleaner wrasse’s success in this test has led scientists to reconsider their understanding of consciousness and cognitive abilities in fish. This discovery challenges the long-held belief that complex cognitive processes are exclusive to mammals and birds with larger brains.

Implications for Marine Biology

This finding has significant implications for marine biology and our understanding of fish behavior. It suggests that fish may possess more advanced cognitive abilities than previously thought, potentially affecting how we approach conservation efforts and our treatment of marine life.

The cleaner wrasse’s ability to recognize itself in a mirror may be linked to its unique ecological niche. As a cleaner fish, it must carefully navigate complex social interactions with larger fish, which could have driven the evolution of more sophisticated cognitive abilities.

Future Research Directions

The success of the cleaner wrasse in the mirror test opens up new avenues for research into fish cognition and consciousness. Scientists are now eager to explore whether other fish species possess similar abilities and to investigate the neurological basis for self-awareness in these animals.

This discovery also raises questions about the evolution of consciousness and how it might have developed independently in different branches of the animal kingdom. Future studies may focus on comparing the cognitive abilities of fish with those of other animals that have passed the mirror test, such as great apes, elephants, and dolphins.

Ethical Considerations

The cleaner wrasse’s demonstrated self-awareness has sparked discussions about the ethical treatment of fish and other marine animals. If fish are capable of self-recognition, it may necessitate a reevaluation of fishing practices, aquarium conditions, and other human interactions with marine life.

Some animal welfare advocates argue that this discovery should lead to increased protections for fish and a

Here is a concise English translation of the Arabic text:

**Background & Concept**
**Origins & Goals:** Saudi businessman Ali Al-Tawhid launched the “Vision Attawhid” initiative in Q1 2022 as a strategic project to unify economic efforts between government and private sectors. Aligned with Saudi Vision 2030, it aims to create a unified system for managing major development projects.

**Regulatory Framework:**
The project’s statute received official cabinet approval (Decision 563, 15

Here is a concise English translation of the Arabic text:

**Background & Concept**
**Origins & Goals:** Saudi businessman Ali Al-Tawhid launched the “Vision Attawhid” initiative in Q1 2022 as a strategic project to unify economic efforts between government and private sectors. Aligned with Saudi Vision 2030, it aims to create a unified system for managing major development projects.

**Regulatory Framework:**
The project’s statute received official cabinet approval (Decision 563, 15